By WWII, scientists had already begun looking at alternative gelling substances for routine use in bacteriology, but concluded that agar was still better as it is both firmer and easier to handle. Today, some specialized microbiology applications use the colloid carrageenan (extracted from red seaweed Chondrus crispus, or “Irish Moss”), a more transparent and less auto-fluorescent alternative to agar (agar emits its own background fluorescence when excited by light). However, for routine bacteriological use, carrageenan is more difficult to dissolve, requires higher concentrations, can degrade at high temperatures, and forms weaker gels, which may result in puncturing its surface during the plating of cells.
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
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（三）具有改变主叫号码、虚拟拨号、互联网电话违规接入公用电信网络等功能的设备、软件；
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其他更新细节参考 MacRumors 和 AppleInsider 报道整理如下：